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vineri, 29.03.2024

Government's Rule

GALERIE
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    Starting February, in the Parliament will start the debate on the new Constitution. All political parties seem to be convinced by its necessity. Meant, it seems, in the initiators' vision, to solve the problems proposed by the current Constitution, the new draft raises from the beginning a few question marks. The first, as importance, is related to the repartition of powers between Presidency, Government and Parliament. How does the new Constitution draft wish to solve the tensions between the President and the Premier and which would be the reports between the Executive and the Parliament?
    In PSD's vision, Romania should pass from the equilibrium between the President and the Premier to the Premier's law. PSD is ready to reduce much the President's attributions. The variant aimed at established clearly that the President cannot revoke the Premier, compared to the current Constitution, which refers in unclear terms to the possibility to the possibility to revoke the chief of the Executive. Not at all ambiguous, this measure sends to the situations in 1991 and 1999, when President Iliescu, respectively Constantinescu, could be the initiators and the principals of the Premiers' dismissals. But the Presidents wouldn't have been successful, if they hadn't had the aid of the formations from which the Premier came. Therefore, by themselves, the constitutional stipulations wouldn't have helped the Presidents to "finish" the Premiers. On the contrary, the fact that the President is directly elected, as the great majority of the population wishes, should theoretically give him the possibility to intervene in constitutional crisis situation. The paradox would be that the President, the man in State enjoying the widest popular support, will not have any important word to say in the political games that will be made at the internal level.
    The obvious goal of the new constitutional architecture is to strengthen the Executive in front of any political arrangement. But, is the Executive too weak, as not to fulfill the program because it is impeded? The weakness of the Romanian Government isn't necessarily represented by its vulnerable position towards Cotroceni. For instance, the weakness of the Government is made observable, in the reduced capacity to collect taxes and in the incapacity to implement some complex policies (see the Law of the free access to public information, functional only in 15% of the institutions, with all the interest of the Government). Therefore, the minuses of the Government's power do not result from the power-sharing with the presidential institution.
    Then, how could one explain the priorities of the PSD leadership? To an obvious extent, in the short run, by the new constitutional draft, PSD seems rather led by the desire to symbolically carve in two the personal tensions between Iliescu and Nastase, with the obvious profit on the executive's side. Or, this idea should be regarded with reserves. The political analysts in eastern Europe concluded almost unanimously that the informal practices are the main factor that determine the political life in the post-communist societies, and changing the formal rules has a minor impact on the political game. No matter how attentive the ratio of power between presidency and government would be stipulated in the Constitution, the reasons of the misunderstanding remain related to the personality of the two centers of power.
    The obvious interest to reduce he President's powers is underlined by the novelty regarding the modality of the governmental reshuffling. In order to initiate the reshuffling, the President will need the approval of the Parliament. On the proposition of the Premier, the Legislative could be dissolved by the President of Romania, after consulting the president of the Deputy House and the president of the Senate. Though PSD promises that the stipulation will not be applied by the elections in 2004, the Executive will obtain a definitive control of the Government on the Parliament, being the one that can initiate anticipated elections. That is, exactly what Adrian Nastase would have wanted in the recent dispute with Ion Iliescu.
    If the PSD Constitution draft is voted in Parliament and approved by referendum, Romania will have to prepare itself for a different type of ruling. We shall have a Premier that will make the political rules, with a liberty to act to be feared. One single hinder will have the Government: it will not be able any more to adopt emergency ordinances. They could only be emitted in exceptional situations and the Government will be forced to offer motivations. Anyway, during the parliamentary debates, that are going to be, it seems, stormy, many things could happen.
    Mihai CHIPER

    © Drepturi de Autor (Copyright) - Acest articol este proprietatea Ziarul de Iasi (www.ziaruldeiasi.ro) si este protejat de Legea dreptului de autor si drepturilor conexe (8/1996). Preluarea acestui articol se poate face, potrivit reglementarilor in vigoare, doar în limita a maximum 500 de caractere, urmate obligatoriu de un link directionat catre acest articol! Orice incalcare a acestor prevederi va fi supusa procedurilor pentru intrarea in legalitate si recuperarea daunelor.

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